The exterior of a building typically includes two sides. Yet, when it comes to the internal layout of a structure, the term "two sides of a building" often refers to the carbon copy effect seen when comparing the eastern and western, or northern and southern facades of a symmetrical design. Let's delve into what this architectural symmetry entails and explore the concepts it encompasses.
Architectural symmetry, where the two sides of a building mirror each other, is not merely a matter of aesthetics but also impacts functionality and user experience. It signifies balance, harmony, and mathematical order, reflecting principles found in nature and the cosmos. This article will explore the fronts and backs of buildings, their equals and opposites, and the reasons behind their existence.
Symmetrical Building Plans
The fundamental basis of a building's two sides involves symmetrical planning, a concept popular in classical architecture, where every section of the structure corresponds to another. Yet, symmetrical designs are not limited to old buildings; they're prevalent in modern architecture too.
In urban settings, symmetrical designs create coherent, orderly streetscapes. From a designer's perspective, they're easier to draft and construct than asymmetrical buildings. However, symmetry can also signify equality and equity, reflecting a democratic ideology that doesn't prioritize one aspect of a building over another.
Axial Symmetry
One of the most recognizable symmetrical designs is axial symmetry. Consider the grand entrance facade of a Lincoln Memorial, with two identical wings on either side of a central entrance. This Golden Ratio-based layout creates a clear visual axis, drawing the eye towards an arbitrary center.
This type of symmetry is used to accentuate a specific point or create a visual rhythm. It's often employed in public buildings to focus attention on a main entry, or emphasize a particular feature, like a firewall or clock tower.
Radial Symmetry
Unlike axial symmetry, in which the pattern repeats along a single axis, radial symmetry repeats around a central point. A round house, for instance, demonstrates radial symmetry with all its rooms (or radial spokes) emanating from a central core.
Radial symmetry creates a sense of unity and balance. It allows for equal access to all rooms, promoting inclusivity. However, it requires careful planning to incorporate services like plumbing and electrical work that conventionally radiate outwards from a central spine.
Non-Symmetrical Building Designs
While symmetrical designs offer harmony and balance, not every architect adheres to this principle. Asymmetrical design, where parts of a building are not mirrorimages, have their advantages.
Asymmetrical designs are often characteristic of modern and contemporary architecture. To some, they signify individuality, uniqueness, and breaking away from traditional norms. They allow for innovative layouts, creating spaces tailored to specific needs. However, they demand careful massing and crafting to ensure visual balance and harmony.
Dynamic Symmetry
Dynamic symmetry is a modern interpretation of classical proportion that uses diagonal lines and irregular shapes to create a sense of harmony. It relies on contrasting yet equal elements to achieve balance.
This approach avoids the static, predictable balance of traditional symmetrical designs, instead creating a sense of excitement and energy. However, it requires both design skill and visual literacy to pull off effectively.
Asymmetry in Function
In old buildings, the "two sides of a building" often denote different uses, with the front serving as the formal facade, while the rear facilitates functions like service entries or private spaces.
Today, this functional asymmetry continues, especially in office buildings with their public lobbies on the front and service entrances on the backs. However, modern structures are increasingly more flexible, allowing for repurposing and adaptation of spaces.
In conclusion, while the literal "two sides of a building" refer to its external facades, the term's architectural context highlights the concepts of symmetry and balance. Understanding and applying these principles can create spaces that are harmonious, functional, and resonant with users. Modern architecture particularly values the balance between traditional symmetry and innovative asymmetry, allowing for unique, innovative designs while still respecting the fundamental principles of design harmony. This ongoing exploration of building symmetry reflects the dynamic evolution of architectural tradition and practice.