When it comes to roofing, one of the most frequently asked questions is: "What do roofers put under shingles?" Understanding the materials used under your shingles is crucial as they play a significant role in your roof's longevity, safety, and aesthetics. Let's delve into the common components used beneath shingles, their purposes, and why they matter.
Before we examine individual components, it's essential to understand the holistic concept of a roofing system. Imagine it like a layered cake, with each layer serving a unique purpose: from the bottom up, these layers include the roof deck, underlayment, ice and water shield, roofing felt, and finally, the shingles. Now, let's explore what roofers put under shingles in more detail.
Underlayment Types
The underlayment is the second layer from the bottom of your roofing system. It sits directly on top of the roof deck (the structural foundation of your roof) and serves as a protective barrier between the deck and the shingles. There are two primary types of underlayment: felt paper and synthetic underlayment.
Felt paper, also known as asphalt-saturated felt or tar paper, has been a staple in roofing for decades. It's made from interwoven fibers saturated with asphalt to make it water-resistant. Though it's a solid choice, felt paper does have its limitations, such as being less resistant to tearing and more susceptible to wind uplift.
Synthetic Underlayment
Enter synthetic underlayment, a modern alternative that addresses many of the limitations of felt paper. Made from a combination of materials like plastic and rubber, synthetic underlayment is stronger, more flexible, and more resistant to tearing, puncturing, and wind lift. It also has better slip resistance, making it safer for roofers to work on.
Further, synthetic underlayment often includes unique features like embedded patterns that help with water runoff, reducing the risk of water damage beneath the shingles. High-quality synthetic underlayment can even provide protection against UV rays, helping to prolong the lifespan of your shingles.
F.canvas or Felt & Synthetic Combination
In some cases, roofers may use a combination of felt and synthetic underlayment. The felt paper is installed first, followed by a layer of synthetic underlayment. This approach, often referred to as F.canvas (felt on the top, canvas or synthetic below), combines the familiar performance characteristics of felt with the superior strength and durability of synthetic materials.
Another method involves installing two layers of synthetic underlayment – a 30-pound felt alternative on the bottom and a heavier-duty, more advanced synthetic layer on top. This method offers enhanced protection and can be particularly useful in areas prone to severe weather conditions or high foot traffic on the roof.
The Role of Ice and Water Shield
An equally crucial component installed under shingles is the ice and water shield. Unlike underlayment, which covers the entire roof, the ice and water shield is applied only in critical areas – most often around the perimeter of the roof, around chimneys and vents, and in valleys. Its primary purpose is to prevent ice dams and the resultant water intrusion that can cause significant damage to your roof and home.
Ice and water shields differ from standard underlayment in that they have self-adhesive properties, allowing them to stick directly to the roof deck or felt underlayment. This sticky backing, when combined with their overlapping application, creates an impenetrable barrier against water, ice, and snow.
Ventilation Considerations
While not a material that goes directly under shingles, proper ventilation is another critical aspect of a well-functioning roofing system. Adequate airflow helps regulate your roof's temperature, reducing heat buildup in the summer and preventing ice dams in the winter. Good ventilation will also extend the lifespan of your shingles and keep your attic space comfortable and useful.
Proper ventilation involves strategic placement of intake vents (typically in the soffits or eaves) and exhaust vents (usually installed at the ridge or gable ends of the roof). It's essential to work with a professional roofer who understands your specific roof design and can recommend the appropriate ventilation strategy.
The Importance of the Entire Roofing System
When considering what roofers put under shingles, it's essential to view these components as part of an integrated system. Each layer plays a vital role in the performance, longevity, and safety of your roof. Cutting corners on any of these materials or failing to install them correctly can lead to costly repairs or premature roof replacement.
By understanding the importance of each component and working with experienced, professional roofers, you can ensure your home is protected by a strong, durable, and long-lasting roofing system.
As a homeowner, it's always a good idea to stay proactive and informed about your roof's condition. Regular inspections, prompt repairs, and quality maintenance can help extend the life of your roof and prevent severe issues down the line. So, the next time you ask, 'What do roofers put under shingles?' remember that each answer is a piece of the puzzle that keeps your home safe, dry, and protected. Contact a reputable roofer today to discuss your specific roofing needs and ensure your home is equipped with a robust, reliable roofing system.