When discussing the architectural elements of a building, the term "exterior walls" often comes up, but you might be wondering, "What are exterior walls called in other contexts or by specific names?" This article delves into the various terms used to refer to exterior walls, their applications, and the contexts in which they're used.
Exterior walls, also known as external walls or simply "exteriors," play a crucial role in any structure. They serve as the building envelope, protecting the interior from external elements and providing structural support. However, these walls go by different names depending on their specific location, function, or the architectural style of the building.
Exterior Wall Terminology by Location
Exterior walls can be categorized by their location on a building, each with its unique function and terminology.
One of the most common terms is "Facade," derived from French, meaning 'front' or 'face.' Facades are the exterior walls that face the street or public spaces. They're often designed for aesthetic appeal and can indicate the architectural style of the building. For instance, a building with a "Neoclassical façade" features columns, pediments, or other classical architectural elements.
Wall Types by Location
Exterior walls can be further categorized by their location, including:
- Front Wall: The wall facing the street or main approach to the building.
- Rear Wall: The wall opposite the front wall, often facing a garden, alley, or other private space.
- Side Walls: The walls parallel to the front and rear walls, connecting them.
Corner Walls
Corner walls, found where two exterior walls meet at a right angle, present unique design challenges. They're often called "Party Walls" in some regions, as they're shared between two properties. Corners can also be adorned with pilasters, columns, or other decorative elements to enhance the building's curb appeal.
Exterior Wall Terminology by Function
Exterior walls can also be referred to by the functions they serve within a building. Here are some common terms:
Curtain Walls are non-load-bearing walls that hang from the structural frame of a building like a curtain. They're typically made of glass or metal and provide a sleek, modern look. On the opposite end, Bearing Walls are load-bearing, supporting the weight of the structure above them.
Retaining Walls
Retaining walls are a specific type of exterior wall designed to hold back earth or water. They're often used to create level pads for buildings, terraces, or other landscaping features. Retaining walls can be constructed from various materials, including poured concrete, block, or stone.
Boundary Walls
Boundary walls, or perimeter walls, mark the boundary of a property. They can serve as privacy screens, security barriers, or aesthetic features. These walls can be made from various materials, such as brick, stone, metal, or wood.
The terminology used to describe exterior walls can vary widely, reflecting their diverse functions, locations, and architectural styles. Understanding these terms can enhance your appreciation for the built environment and help communicate effectively about construction and design.
When discussing exterior walls, remember that context is key. Whether you're referring to a building's façade, a load-bearing wall, or a retaining wall, clarity in communication goes a long way. So the next time someone asks, "What are exterior walls called?" you'll have a more informed answer to offer.